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INDIA TODAY
    CURRENT ISSUE DECEMBER 27, 2004
 
   OBITUARY: M S SUBBULAKSHMI [1916-2004]
 
Ode To A Nightingale

The singing legend lives on in her suprabhathams and bhajans
 

When Jawaharlal Nehru heard Carnatic vocalist M.S. Subbulakshmi sing, he said, "What am I, a mere prime minister before the Queen of Music." The voice that moved the world will be heard no more.

An artist extraordinaire, Subbulakshmi had the unique ability to transform the singing experience from the mundane to the divine. A rich, resonant timbre, complete shruti arrangement, correct diction and the raga bhava-it was a rare combination that created the legend. Unlike today's musicians trapped in external fineries, Subbulakshmi had an instinctive feel for the meaning of the text and each word she so aptly selected stood out like a gem.

Subbulakshmi, or Kunjamma as she was fondly called, was the daughter of Madurai Shanmukhavadivu, a veena player. With a violinist for a sister, a brother who played the mridangam and the mellifluous environs of Madurai, singing came more naturally to her than talking. So Subbulakshmi's first performance came at the age of 10 and thereafter music became the habit of a lifetime, as did awards and adulation. After her marriage in 1940, her husband and freedom fighter, T. Sadasivam, took charge of her career. In fact, when she was conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1998, she said, "On this occasion I cannot but think of the loving care and guidance I received from my late husband all through my life."

In a way, and despite her husband's support, Subbulakshmi was a feminist. Having breached the bastion of male singers, she was happy to see an increasing number of women enrolling in music colleges and participating in temple festivals. In 1968, when the Music Academy honoured her with the Sangeetha Kalanidhi, she said, "In conferring the honour, the academy has sought to honour the womanhood of this country."

While sitar maestro Pandit Ravi Shankar popularised Hindustani classical music abroad, Subbulakshmi introduced Carnatic music to the West. Her biggest contribution to Carnatic music was the revival of the kritis of the 15th century composer Annamacharya. Subbulakshmi also acted in four films: Sevasadanam, Sakuntalai, Savitri and Meera. After Meera, Mahatma Gandhi picked her to sing two of his favourite bhajans, Vaishnav janto and Hari tum haro jan ki bhir. It was also after Meera that she decided to dedicate herself to classical and devotional music. A musician who bridged the regional gap, Subbulakshmi sang in 10 languages, be it the Marathi abhang, the Hindi bhajan, the verses of Guru Nanak or Rabindra Sangeet.

Subbulakshmi was indeed an icon who could bring the world to its knees: her renderings moved violinist Yehudi Menuhin to tears, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan called her Suswarlakshmi Subhlakshmi, while Helen Keller once said, "You sing like an angel." She could captivate the people with an occasional lift of an eyebrow and a beatific smile-meant not for the audience but the divine. "Indian music is oriented solely to the end of divine communication. If I have done something in this respect, it is entirely due to the grace of the Almighty who has chosen my humble self as a tool," she said.

Subbulakshmi is not dead. She is alive in the temples, the suprabhathams, the kritis and the bhajans. She will remain in that divine voice forever.

   GUEST COLUMN | RAVI SHANKAR
The Ms I Knew

She was a simple woman with divinity in her voice

When I think of M.S. Subbulakshmi, the word that comes to my mind is ''devi''. For, never have I seen a performer who could elevate music to the adhyatmic (spiritual) level as she did. When she performed, it wasn't just a beautiful lady singing; there was a certain divinity that shone through. And this is what will always stay with me-the beauty and purity that emanated when she sang or talked. Like millions of people across the world, I admired her singing. The world of music is poorer for her demise.

My association with Subbulakshmi goes back to 1949 when I used to go to Chennai to perform at music festivals. I often visited her palatial house, Kalki Gardens, where we had lunch sitting cross-legged on the floor and eating from a plantain leaf. It was a wonderful experience. She stayed in a big house but lived a simple life, untouched by adulation or her celebrity status. Once, at a concert, she came to me and like a child praised my music; to be appreciated by her was a memorable experience. She was modesty personified. When she paid compliments to me it made me feel humble, grateful and happy. She was very special to me and her nearness was inspiring.

Though I am not a Carnatic musician, I could immediately grasp her music which surpassed all styles. Her voice too was unique, combining deep, pure emotion and technical perfection. Sometimes I couldn't understand the text because it was in Telugu or Tamil, but her delivery, approach and appeal were unique and heavenly. I have seen her perform in Chennai and in London. She had the ability to convert a concert hall into a temple because of the bhakti in her voice, something so sublime.

We are both Bharat Ratna awardees, but she should have been given the award earlier because she deserved it more than anyone else. She introduced Carnatic music to the world by performing at Edinburgh, the Carnegie Hall, the UN and elsewhere. But her contribution to music is special because of the emotion she suffused it with. Her own persona was purified because of her music, humility and God's blessings. A devout lady, Subbulakshmi was a follower of the Paramacharya and other gods. But her singing was beyond it all. I was moved to tears when I heard her shlokas.

From humble beginnings in Madurai, Subbulakshmi became a legend, an inspiration for women to take up music. For Subbulakshmi, however, it was her husband T. Sadasivam who was the anchor and impresario, the man who had a lasting influence on her. She probably wouldn't have reached the pinnacle if it weren't for him. Then again, it was possible because she had it in her to make it. In fact, I called Sadasivam 'Sada givam' because they gave so much to charity even after moving from the palatial house to a smaller place. A humanitarian and philanthropist, Subbulakshmi used her voice to promote education and eradicate suffering.

I was pained to see her suffer towards the end. She was a blessed woman and a joyful soul who communicated her inner bliss to her music. For me and other music lovers, she is immortal and her music will continue to provide peace to the world.

The writer is a world-renowned sitar player.

 

CURRENT ISSUE
DECEMBER 27, 2004
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Ode To A Nightingale

 
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